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In addition to the preface, the “Plan” mainly includes four chapters: Chapter 1 is the situation facing urban ecological protection and construction, Chapter 2 is the guiding ideology, basic principles and planning objectives, Chapter 3 is the main tasks and key projects, and Chapter 4 is the policies and safeguard measures. This article focuses on sorting out the contents related to municipal solid waste.
The “Plan” points out that under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization, China's urban ecological protection and construction work has entered a new stage and achieved remarkable results. The construction of domestic sewage and garbage treatment facilities has been further accelerated, and the treatment capacity and level have been continuously improved. By 2015, the national urban sewage treatment rate had increased to 91.9%, and the harmless treatment rate of urban domestic garbage had increased to 94.1%. Ecological restoration practices have been carried out on industrial and mining abandoned land, garbage landfills, barren hills and slopes, river and lake water systems, wetlands, etc. At the same time, it pointed out the main ecological and environmental problems faced by Chinese cities at the current stage: serious encroachment of ecological space and degradation of ecological functions; insufficient total urban green space, uneven distribution, and large regional differences; severe urban environmental pollution and environmental quality to be improved; insufficient urban ecological protection and construction capacity, and management system and mechanism to be improved.
The “Plan” adheres to the development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing”, protects and optimizes the urban ecological space pattern, increases urban ecological restoration efforts, expands the total ecological space, improves urban ecological functions, creates a good living environment, and builds a beautiful home of “green mountains, clean water, blue sky, green land, beautiful city, and harmonious people”.
The planning objectives are: by 2020, the ecological space pattern will be continuously optimized, the living environment will be significantly improved, biodiversity protection will be more complete, urban environmental safety will be effectively guaranteed, resource and energy utilization efficiency will be significantly improved, and safeguard work will be promoted in coordination. Under the overall goals, 30 specific indicators have been proposed from six aspects: ecological space pattern, living environment, biodiversity, urban environmental safety, resource and energy utilization, and comprehensive support and guarantee. Among them, there are 16 assessment indicators and 14 guiding indicators.
The plan explicitly sets the goal that by 2020:
—Urban environmental safety is effectively guaranteed. The harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste reaches 95%, the proportion of centralized drinking water sources in cities at prefecture level and above reaching or better than Class III is generally higher than 93%, the harmless treatment and disposal rate of sludge in cities at prefecture level and above reaches 90%, and the average proportion of days with good air quality in cities at prefecture level and above meets the requirements of provincial people's governments for cities.
—The efficiency of resource and energy utilization is significantly improved. The proportion of renewable energy use is not less than 15%, energy consumption per unit GPD is not higher than 0.4 tons of standard coal per 10,000 yuan, the proportion of green buildings in new urban buildings is greater than 50%, the urban recycled water utilization rate is not less than 20%, and the green travel sharing rate is not less than 70%.
—Guarantee work is promoted in coordination. The proportion of fixed asset investment in urban landscaping to the total fixed asset investment in urban municipal public facilities is not less than 12%, the proportion of environmental protection investment to GDP is not less than 3.5%, and the popularization rate of ecological and environmental protection publicity and education reaches 80%.
The Plan puts forward the main tasks and key projects of urban ecological protection and construction in China in the coming period from eight aspects: (1) urban ecological space protection and control, (2) urban ecological landscape construction and ecological restoration, (3) urban biodiversity conservation, (4) urban pollution control and environmental infrastructure construction, (5) sponge city construction, (6) urban resource and energy conservation and recycling, (7) promotion of green buildings and green transportation, and (8) ecological protection of scenic and historic areas.
In terms of "urban pollution control and environmental infrastructure construction", it is proposed to strengthen urban solid waste treatment and utilization and environmental risk prevention and control. Specifically:
Accelerate the construction of domestic waste treatment facilities, improve the collection and transportation system, and increase the harmless treatment rate of urban domestic waste. Improve the recycling network for renewable resources, and strengthen the connection between the sorting and recycling of domestic waste and the recycling of renewable resources. Promote the resource utilization of domestic waste such as recycling of waste goods, waste-to-energy incineration, and biological treatment. Coordinate the harmless treatment and resource utilization of food waste, garden waste, etc. Accelerate the recycling and resource utilization of construction waste.
Strengthen the prevention and control of industrial solid waste pollution, and support the comprehensive utilization of bulk industrial solid waste. Accelerate the construction of a classified collection system for hazardous waste such as waste lead-acid batteries, waste drugs, and waste fluorescent lamps, implement the whole-process management system for hazardous waste, and put an end to illegal transfer of hazardous waste. Strengthen the construction of medical waste disposal facilities, and realize harmless disposal of medical waste in all cities at prefecture level and above. Carry out urban environmental risk investigation and assessment, and strengthen urban environmental risk prevention and control.
The work goals are: by 2020, the harmless treatment rate of domestic waste in municipalities directly under the central government, cities with independent planning status, and provincial capitals (built-up areas) will reach 100%, and the harmless treatment rate of domestic waste in other cities will reach over 95% (except Xinjiang and Tibet); the harmless treatment rate of domestic waste in all cities will meet the standard, and a number of cities will be guided to create national ecological civilization construction demonstration zones and national environmental protection model cities.
The key projects are: urban domestic waste treatment facility construction projects. Accelerate the construction of harmless treatment facilities for urban domestic waste, and strengthen the connection between the recycling of domestic waste and the recycling network of renewable resources. Carry out stock treatment for informal domestic waste stacking sites and substandard domestic waste treatment facilities formed due to historical reasons, and carry out ecological restoration for closed landfill sites. Build urban food waste and construction waste recycling and reuse systems. Urban solid waste comprehensive utilization projects. Build recycling and processing centers for waste electrical and electronic products, waste plastics, end-of-life vehicles, rubber, glass, and other renewable resources.
To ensure the smooth realization of all goals in the "Plan" and the orderly implementation of various construction tasks and key projects, the "Plan" proposes policy and safeguard measures in aspects such as organizational leadership, regulations and policies, financial support, scientific and technological support, and public participation. Specifically: strengthen organizational leadership and implement assessment mechanisms; improve regulations and policies and enhance supervision and evaluation; increase government investment and broaden funding channels; strengthen scientific and technological support and intensify demonstration and promotion; advocate green lifestyles and encourage public participation. At the same time, the urban and rural planning departments are required to organize the formulation of urban ecological protection and construction plans and annual work plans in conjunction with relevant departments, and establish a working mechanism featuring departmental linkage, coordination, division of labor, and shared responsibility.
The "Plan" focuses on protecting urban natural ecological resources and strengthening infrastructure construction for urban ecological security, and carries out protection and construction work. With reference to 26 categories of domestic and international policy indicator systems, and following the basic principles of the indicator system, it constructs a set of 30 indicators across 3 levels and 6 major categories. The "Plan" is the action program for urban ecological protection and construction across the country in the current and future period. The planning scope covers 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) nationwide, excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and the planning period is from 2015 to 2020.
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